seemingly working, added display text

Components/Volume0D.cs

@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ namespace FluidSim.Components
         /// Set the pressure to a specific value while keeping the current temperature constant.
         /// Updates Mass and InternalEnergy accordingly.
         /// </summary>
-        public void SetPressure(double pressure)
+        public void SetPressure(double pressure, double? temperature = null)
         {
             double V = Math.Max(Volume, 1e-12);
-            double currentT = Temperature;   // current temperature before changes
+            double T = temperature ?? Temperature;
-            double rho = pressure / (GasConstant * currentT);
+            double rho = pressure / (GasConstant * T);
             Mass = rho * V;
             InternalEnergy = pressure * V / (Gamma - 1.0);
         }

Core/OrificeLink.cs

@@ -4,27 +4,18 @@ using FluidSim.Interfaces;
 
 namespace FluidSim.Core
 {
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Connects a port (volume or atmosphere) to one end of a pipe via an orifice.
-    /// Uses the isentropic nozzle model for the steady‑state relationship,
-    /// and includes acoustic inertance for dynamic (Helmholtz) behaviour.
-    /// </summary>
     public class OrificeLink
     {
-        public Port VolumePort { get; }
+        public Port? VolumePort { get; }
         public Pipe1D Pipe { get; }
         public bool IsPipeLeftEnd { get; }
         public Func<double> AreaProvider { get; set; }
         public double DischargeCoefficient { get; set; } = 0.62;
 
-        // Acoustic length (wall thickness + end correction) – controls the resonance frequency
+        public double EffectiveLength { get; set; } = 0.001;
-        public double EffectiveLength { get; set; } = 0.001;   // 1 mm
-
-        // Whether to include inertance; if false, uses the steady‑state nozzle model directly
         public bool UseInertance { get; set; } = true;
 
-        // Current mass flow (kg/s, positive = volume → pipe)
+        private double _mdot;   // positive = volume → pipe
-        private double _mdot;
 
         public double LastMassFlowRate { get; private set; }
         public double LastFaceDensity { get; private set; }
@@ -33,7 +24,7 @@ namespace FluidSim.Core
 
         public OrificeLink(Port? volumePort, Pipe1D pipe, bool isPipeLeftEnd, Func<double> areaProvider)
         {
-            VolumePort = volumePort;   // null is allowed
+            VolumePort = volumePort;
             Pipe = pipe ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pipe));
             IsPipeLeftEnd = isPipeLeftEnd;
             AreaProvider = areaProvider ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(areaProvider));
@@ -43,20 +34,18 @@ namespace FluidSim.Core
         public void Resolve(double dtSub)
         {
             double area = AreaProvider();
-            // Closed wall or missing volume port => reflective boundary
             if (area < 1e-12 || VolumePort == null)
             {
                 SetClosedWall();
                 return;
             }
 
-            // Gather volume state
+            // Gather states
             double volP   = VolumePort.Pressure;
             double volRho = VolumePort.Density;
             double volT   = VolumePort.Temperature;
             double volH   = VolumePort.SpecificEnthalpy;
 
-            // Gather pipe interior state at the connected end
             (double pipeRho, double pipeU, double pipeP) = IsPipeLeftEnd
                 ? Pipe.GetInteriorStateLeft()
                 : Pipe.GetInteriorStateRight();
@@ -65,24 +54,23 @@ namespace FluidSim.Core
             double gamma = 1.4;
             double R     = 287.0;
 
-            // ---- Steady‑state mass flow from isentropic nozzle ----
+            // ---- 1. Steady‑state nozzle solution (gives correct exit pressure) ----
-            double mdotSS;   // positive = volume → pipe
+            double mdotSS;
-            double rhoFace, uFace, pFace;
+            double rhoFace0, uFace0, pFace0;
-
             if (volP >= pipeP)
             {
                 IsentropicOrifice.Compute(volP, volRho, volT, pipeP, gamma, R, area, DischargeCoefficient,
-                    out double mdotUpToDown, out rhoFace, out uFace, out pFace);
+                    out double mdotUpToDown, out rhoFace0, out uFace0, out pFace0);
                 mdotSS = mdotUpToDown;   // volume → pipe
             }
             else
             {
                 IsentropicOrifice.Compute(pipeP, pipeRho, pipeT, volP, gamma, R, area, DischargeCoefficient,
-                    out double mdotUpToDown, out rhoFace, out uFace, out pFace);
+                    out double mdotUpToDown, out rhoFace0, out uFace0, out pFace0);
                 mdotSS = -mdotUpToDown;  // pipe → volume → negative for volume→pipe convention
             }
 
-            // ---- Inertance ODE (optional) ----
+            // ---- 2. Inertance dynamics ----
             if (UseInertance)
             {
                 double rhoUp = _mdot >= 0 ? volRho : pipeRho;
@@ -97,35 +85,31 @@ namespace FluidSim.Core
                 _mdot = mdotSS;
             }
 
-            // Clamp outflow to available mass (if finite volume)
+            // Clamp outflow to available mass
             if (VolumePort.Owner is Volume0D vol)
             {
                 double maxOut = vol.Mass / dtSub;
                 if (_mdot > maxOut) _mdot = maxOut;
             }
 
-            // ---- Ghost state ----
+            // ---- 3. Ghost state (use nozzle‑exit pressure!) ----
-            // Density = upstream density (consistent with current flow direction)
+            double rhoFace = _mdot >= 0 ? volRho : pipeRho;   // upstream density
-            rhoFace = _mdot >= 0 ? volRho : pipeRho;
+            double pFace   = pFace0;                          // correct exit pressure (choked/subsonic)
-            // Pressure = downstream pressure (consistent with nozzle exit)
-            pFace   = _mdot >= 0 ? pipeP : volP;
-            // Velocity magnitude derived from actual mass flow
             double mdotMag = Math.Abs(_mdot);
-            uFace = mdotMag / (rhoFace * area);
+            double uFace   = mdotMag / (rhoFace * area);
 
             if (IsPipeLeftEnd)
-                uFace = _mdot >= 0 ? uFace : -uFace;    // left end: positive u = into pipe
+                uFace = _mdot >= 0 ? uFace : -uFace;   // left: +u into pipe
             else
-                uFace = _mdot >= 0 ? -uFace : uFace;    // right end: positive u = out of pipe
+                uFace = _mdot >= 0 ? -uFace : uFace;   // right: +u out of pipe
 
-            // Apply ghost to pipe
             if (IsPipeLeftEnd)
                 Pipe.SetGhostLeft(rhoFace, uFace, pFace);
             else
                 Pipe.SetGhostRight(rhoFace, uFace, pFace);
 
-            // ---- Store results ----
+            // Store for monitoring
-            double mdotIntoVolume = -_mdot;   // positive = into volume
+            double mdotIntoVolume = -_mdot;
             LastMassFlowRate = mdotIntoVolume;
             LastFaceDensity  = rhoFace;
             LastFaceVelocity = uFace;
@@ -133,13 +117,12 @@ namespace FluidSim.Core
 
             VolumePort.MassFlowRate = mdotIntoVolume;
 
-            // Enthalpy for volume integration
+            if (mdotIntoVolume >= 0)
-            if (mdotIntoVolume >= 0)   // inflow → pipe enthalpy
             {
                 double hPipe = gamma / (gamma - 1.0) * pipeP / Math.Max(pipeRho, 1e-12);
                 VolumePort.SpecificEnthalpy = hPipe;
             }
-            else                       // outflow → volume's own enthalpy
+            else
             {
                 VolumePort.SpecificEnthalpy = volH;
             }
@@ -160,7 +143,6 @@ namespace FluidSim.Core
             LastFaceDensity  = rInt;
             LastFaceVelocity = 0.0;
             LastFacePressure = pInt;
-            // Don't touch VolumePort if it's null
             if (VolumePort != null)
                 VolumePort.MassFlowRate = 0.0;
         }

FluidSim.csproj

@@ -10,7 +10,13 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="SFML.Net" Version="3.0.0" />
+      <PackageReference Include="SFML.Net" Version="3.0.0" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+      <None Update="fonts\LiberationMono-Regular.ttf">
+          <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+      </None>
   </ItemGroup>
 
 </Project>

Program.cs

@@ -13,9 +13,8 @@ public class Program
     private const double DrawFrequency = 60.0;
     private static Scenario scenario;
 
-    // Speed control (existing + new throttle)
+    // Speed control
     private static double desiredSpeed = 0.01;
-    //private static double desiredSpeed = 1.0;
     private static double currentSpeed = desiredSpeed;
     private const double MinSpeed = 0.0001;
     private const double MaxSpeed = 1.0;
@@ -24,22 +23,47 @@ public class Program
     private static double lastDesiredSpeed = 0.1;
     private static bool isRealTime = false;
 
-    // Throttle smoothing
+    // Throttle smoothing (unused but kept)
-    private static double targetThrottle = 0.0;   // 1.0 when W is pressed, 0.0 otherwise
+    private static double targetThrottle = 0.0;
     private static double currentThrottle = 0.0;
-    private const double ThrottleSmoothing = 20.0; // rate of change
+    private const double ThrottleSmoothing = 20.0;
 
     private static volatile bool running = true;
 
+    // ---- Overlay text ----
+    private static Font? overlayFont;
+    private static Text? overlayText;
+
     public static void Main()
     {
         var mode = new VideoMode(new Vector2u(1280, 720));
-        var window = new RenderWindow(mode, "FluidSim - Engine (W = throttle)");
+        var window = new RenderWindow(mode, "FluidSim");
         window.SetVerticalSyncEnabled(true);
         window.Closed += (_, _) => { running = false; window.Close(); };
         window.MouseWheelScrolled += OnMouseWheel;
         window.KeyPressed += OnKeyPressed;
 
+        // ---- Load font ----
+        try
+        {
+            overlayFont = new Font("fonts/FiraCodeNerdFont-Medium.ttf");
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"Failed to load font 'fonts/LiberationMono-Regular.ttf': {ex.Message}");
+            overlayFont = null;   // will skip text drawing
+        }
+
+        if (overlayFont != null)
+        {
+            // SFML 3 Text(font, character size in pixels)
+            overlayText = new Text(overlayFont)
+            {
+                FillColor = Color.White,
+                Position = new Vector2f(10, 10)
+            };
+        }
+
         var soundEngine = new SoundEngine(bufferCapacity: 16384);
         soundEngine.Volume = 100;
         soundEngine.Start();
@@ -74,7 +98,6 @@ public class Program
             double speedSmoothing = 8.0;
             currentSpeed += (desiredSpeed - currentSpeed) * (1.0 - Math.Exp(-speedSmoothing * dtClock));
 
-
             // Generate audio
             double targetAudioClock = currentRealTime + 0.05;
             while (totalOutputSamples < targetAudioClock * SampleRate && running)
@@ -116,21 +139,30 @@ public class Program
                     break;
             }
 
-            // Drawing & title
+            // Drawing
             if (currentRealTime - lastDrawTime >= drawInterval)
             {
                 double actualSpeed = totalOutputSamples / (currentRealTime * SampleRate);
-                double simTime = totalSimSteps / (double)SampleRate;
+                double realtimePercent = totalOutputSamples / (currentRealTime * SampleRate) * 100.0;
-                string toggleHint = isRealTime ? "[Space] slow mo" : "[Space] real time";
+
-                string throttleHint = Keyboard.IsKeyPressed(Keyboard.Key.W) ? "W held" : "W released";
+                // Update overlay text
-                window.SetTitle(
+                if (overlayText != null)
-                    $"{toggleHint}  {throttleHint}  " +
+                {
-                    $"Thr: {currentThrottle:F2}  " +
+                    string toggleHint = isRealTime ? "[Space] slow mo" : "[Space] real time";
-                    $"Speed: {currentSpeed:F3}x → {desiredSpeed:F3}x  " +
+                    string throttleHint = Keyboard.IsKeyPressed(Keyboard.Key.W) ? "W held" : "W released";
-                    $"Act: {actualSpeed:F2}x"
+                    overlayText.DisplayedString =
-                );
+                        $"{toggleHint}  {throttleHint}  " +
+                        $"Speed: {currentSpeed:F3}x  " +
+                        $"RT: {realtimePercent:F1}%";
+                }
+
                 window.Clear(Color.Black);
                 scenario.Draw(window);
+
+                // Draw the overlay on top
+                if (overlayText != null)
+                    window.Draw(overlayText);
+
                 window.Display();
                 lastDrawTime = currentRealTime;
             }
@@ -140,7 +172,6 @@ public class Program
         window.Dispose();
     }
 
-    // (Mouse wheel, space toggle unchanged)
     private static void OnMouseWheel(object? sender, MouseWheelScrollEventArgs e)
     {
         bool wasRealTime = Math.Abs(desiredSpeed - 1.0) < 1e-6;

Scenarios/Scenario.cs

@@ -19,34 +19,37 @@ namespace FluidSim.Tests
         // ---------- Shared drawing helpers ----------
 
         protected const double AmbientPressure = 101325.0;
+        protected const double AmbientTemperature = 300.0;   // K
 
-        /// <summary>Blue (low) → Green (ambient) → Red (high).</summary>
+        /// <summary>Map temperature [0 K … 2000 K] to a color: blue (0 K) → green (300 K) → red (2000 K).</summary>
-        protected Color PressureColor(double pressure)
+        protected Color TemperatureColor(double temperature)
         {
-            double range = AmbientPressure * 0.05;   // ±5% gives full colour swing
+            // Clamp to the range we want to display
-            double t = (pressure - AmbientPressure) / range;
+            double t = Math.Clamp(temperature, 0.0, 2000.0);
-            t = Math.Clamp(t, -1.0, 1.0);
 
             byte r, g, b;
-            if (t < 0)
+            if (t < AmbientTemperature)
             {
-                double factor = -t;
+                // Blue → Green
+                double factor = t / AmbientTemperature;   // 0 at 0 K, 1 at 300 K
                 r = 0;
-                g = (byte)(255 * (1 - factor));
+                g = (byte)(255 * factor);
-                b = (byte)(255 * factor);
+                b = (byte)(255 * (1.0 - factor));
             }
             else
             {
-                double factor = t;
+                // Green → Red
+                double factor = (t - AmbientTemperature) / (2000.0 - AmbientTemperature); // 0 at 300 K, 1 at 2000 K
                 r = (byte)(255 * factor);
-                g = (byte)(255 * (1 - factor));
+                g = (byte)(255 * (1.0 - factor));
                 b = 0;
             }
             return new Color(r, g, b);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Draws the pipe as a smooth triangle‑strip whose radius varies with cell pressure.
+        /// Draws the pipe as a smooth triangle‑strip whose radius varies with cell pressure (for visibility),
+        /// but colored by temperature.
         /// </summary>
         protected void DrawPipe(RenderWindow target, Pipe1D pipe, float pipeCenterY, float pipeStartX, float pipeEndX)
         {
@@ -57,8 +60,8 @@ namespace FluidSim.Tests
             float dx = pipeLengthPx / (n - 1);   // spacing between cell centres
 
             float baseRadius = 25f;
-            float rangeFactor = 1f;
+            float rangeFactor = 2f;
-            float scaleFactor = 5f;
+            float scaleFactor = 2f;
 
             // ----- smoothstep helper -----
             static float SmoothStep(float edge0, float edge1, float x)
@@ -67,12 +70,19 @@ namespace FluidSim.Tests
                 return t * t * (3f - 2f * t);
             }
 
-            // ----- Pre‑compute cell positions and radii -----
+            // ----- Pre‑compute cell positions, radii, and temperatures -----
             var centers = new float[n];
             var radii = new float[n];
+            var temperatures = new double[n];
+            double R_gas = 287.0;
+
             for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
             {
                 double p = pipe.GetCellPressure(i);
+                double rho = pipe.GetCellDensity(i);
+                double T = p / Math.Max(rho * R_gas, 1e-12);   // ideal gas
+                temperatures[i] = T;
+
                 float deviation = (float)Math.Tanh((p - AmbientPressure) / AmbientPressure / rangeFactor);
                 radii[i] = baseRadius * (1f + deviation * scaleFactor);
                 if (radii[i] < 2f) radii[i] = 2f;
@@ -89,8 +99,7 @@ namespace FluidSim.Tests
             {
                 float x = centers[i];
                 float r = radii[i];
-                double p = pipe.GetCellPressure(i);
+                Color col = TemperatureColor(temperatures[i]);
-                Color col = PressureColor(p);
 
                 stripVertices[idx++] = new Vertex(new Vector2f(x, pipeCenterY - r), col);
                 stripVertices[idx++] = new Vertex(new Vector2f(x, pipeCenterY + r), col);
@@ -103,8 +112,8 @@ namespace FluidSim.Tests
                         float st = SmoothStep(0f, 1f, t);
                         float xi = centers[i] + (centers[i + 1] - centers[i]) * t;
                         float ri = radii[i] + (radii[i + 1] - radii[i]) * st;
-                        double pi = pipe.GetCellPressure(i) * (1 - t) + pipe.GetCellPressure(i + 1) * t;
+                        double Ti = temperatures[i] + (temperatures[i + 1] - temperatures[i]) * st; // linear interpolation
-                        Color coli = PressureColor(pi);
+                        Color coli = TemperatureColor(Ti);
 
                         stripVertices[idx++] = new Vertex(new Vector2f(xi, pipeCenterY - ri), coli);
                         stripVertices[idx++] = new Vertex(new Vector2f(xi, pipeCenterY + ri), coli);

Scenarios/TestScenario.cs

@@ -9,124 +9,222 @@ namespace FluidSim.Tests
 {
     public class TestScenario : Scenario
     {
+        // Simulation core
         private Solver solver;
-        private Volume0D volume;
-        private Pipe1D pipe;
-        private OrificeLink orifice;       // volume → pipe left
-        private OpenEndLink openEnd;       // pipe right → atmosphere
-        private SoundProcessor soundProcessor;
-        private int stepCount;
-
-        // Pressure reset scheduling
-        private double simTime;
         private double dt;
-        private double resetInterval = 0.2;          // seconds between resets
+
-        private double nextResetTime;
+        // Engine components
-        private double targetPressure = 10 * Units.atm;
+        private Volume0D cylinder;
-        private double rampDuration = 0.002;          // 2 ms ramp
+        private Pipe1D exhaustPipe;
-        private double rampStartTime;
+        private OrificeLink exhaustPort;
-        private double rampStartPressure;             // pressure when ramp started
+        private OpenEndLink pipeOpenEnd;
-        private bool ramping;
+        private Crankshaft crankshaft;
+
+        // Audio
+        private SoundProcessor soundProcessor;
+
+        // Engine geometry (Suzuki TS125 – Jones Appendix 1)
+        private const double Bore = 0.056;                // m
+        private const double Stroke = 0.050;              // m
+        private const double ConRodLength = 0.110;        // m (typical)
+        private const double CrankRadius = Stroke / 2.0;
+        private const double Obliquity = CrankRadius / ConRodLength;
+        private const double CompressionRatio = 6.7;      // from Jones
+
+        // Derived volumes
+        private double sweptVolume;
+        private double clearanceVolume;
+
+        // Port timing (degrees from TDC)
+        private const double ExhaustPortOpens = 98.0;     // °ATDC
+        private const double ExhaustPortCloses = 262.0;   // °ATDC
+        private const double PortWidth = 0.025;           // m (estimated)
+        private const double MaxPortArea = 0.001;         // m² (fully open)
+
+        // Engine state
+        private double crankAngle;          // rad
+        private double engineSpeed;         // rad/s
+        private bool combustionPending;     // true when ready to fire at TDC
+
+        // Logging
+        private int stepCount;
 
         public override void Initialize(int sampleRate)
         {
             dt = 1.0 / sampleRate;
 
-            soundProcessor = new SoundProcessor(sampleRate, 1);
+            // Audio
-            soundProcessor.Gain = 2.0f;   // lower gain to avoid clipping
+            soundProcessor = new SoundProcessor(sampleRate, 1) { Gain = 1f };
 
+            // Solver
             solver = new Solver();
             solver.SetTimeStep(dt);
-            solver.CflTarget = 0.4;
+            solver.CflTarget = 0.4;   // safe CFL for high‑pressure pulses
 
-            volume = new Volume0D(1e-3, targetPressure, 300.0);
+            // Compute engine volumes
-            solver.AddComponent(volume);
+            double boreArea = Math.PI * 0.25 * Bore * Bore;
+            sweptVolume = boreArea * Stroke;
+            clearanceVolume = sweptVolume / (CompressionRatio - 1.0);
+            double initialVolume = clearanceVolume;   // at TDC
 
-            pipe = new Pipe1D(1.0, 1e-4, 200);
+            // Cylinder
-            pipe.EnergyRelaxationRate = 10;
+            cylinder = new Volume0D(initialVolume, 101325.0, 300.0)
-            solver.AddComponent(pipe);
-
-            var volPort = volume.CreatePort();
-            double orificeArea = 1e-5;
-            orifice = new OrificeLink(volPort, pipe, isPipeLeftEnd: true,
-                                      areaProvider: () => orificeArea)
             {
-                DischargeCoefficient = 0.62,
+                Dvdt = 0.0
-                UseInertance = true,
-                EffectiveLength = 0.001
             };
-            solver.AddOrificeLink(orifice);
+            solver.AddComponent(cylinder);
 
-            openEnd = new OpenEndLink(pipe, isLeftEnd: false)
+            // Exhaust pipe (1 m, 1 cm², 100 cells)
+            exhaustPipe = new Pipe1D(0.5, 10e-4, 20);
+            solver.AddComponent(exhaustPipe);
+
+            // Exhaust port – orifice with variable area
+            var cylPort = cylinder.CreatePort();
+            exhaustPort = new OrificeLink(cylPort, exhaustPipe, isPipeLeftEnd: true,
+                                          areaProvider: () => ComputeExhaustPortArea(crankAngle))
+            {
+                DischargeCoefficient = 0.8,
+                UseInertance = false
+            };
+            solver.AddOrificeLink(exhaustPort);
+
+            // Pipe open end
+            pipeOpenEnd = new OpenEndLink(exhaustPipe, isLeftEnd: false)
             {
                 AmbientPressure = 101325.0,
                 Gamma = 1.4
             };
-            solver.AddOpenEndLink(openEnd);
+            solver.AddOpenEndLink(pipeOpenEnd);
+
+            // Crankshaft (3000 rpm)
+            crankshaft = new Crankshaft(initialRPM: 10000.0);
+            crankAngle = crankshaft.CrankAngle;
+            engineSpeed = crankshaft.AngularVelocity;
+            combustionPending = false;   // first combustion will occur at next TDC
 
             stepCount = 0;
-            simTime = 0.0;
-            nextResetTime = resetInterval;
-            ramping = false;
 
-            Console.WriteLine("Pressure reset test with smooth ramp");
+            Console.WriteLine("2‑Stroke engine test");
-            Console.WriteLine($"Volume 1L, reset to {targetPressure} Pa every {resetInterval*1000} ms, ramp {rampDuration*1000} ms");
+            Console.WriteLine($"Engine: {Bore*1000:F0} mm x {Stroke*1000:F0} mm, {sweptVolume*1e6:F0} cc");
+            Console.WriteLine($"Compression ratio: {CompressionRatio:F1}, clearance volume: {clearanceVolume*1e6:F2} cc");
+            Console.WriteLine($"Exhaust port opens at {ExhaustPortOpens}° ATDC, closes at {ExhaustPortCloses}° ATDC");
+        }
+
+        // ---- Port area vs crank angle (linear ramp, symmetric) ----
+        private double ComputeExhaustPortArea(double thetaRad)
+        {
+            double thetaDeg = thetaRad * 180.0 / Math.PI;
+
+            // Wrap to [0,360) for easier logic
+            thetaDeg %= 360.0;
+
+            // Exhaust open period
+            if (thetaDeg >= ExhaustPortOpens && thetaDeg <= ExhaustPortCloses)
+            {
+                // Ramp up from 0 to Max, then back down
+                double halfPeriod = (ExhaustPortCloses - ExhaustPortOpens) / 2.0;
+                double midPoint = ExhaustPortOpens + halfPeriod;
+                double distFromMid = Math.Abs(thetaDeg - midPoint) / halfPeriod;
+                double fraction = 1.0 - distFromMid;
+                fraction = Math.Clamp(fraction, 0.0, 1.0);
+                return MaxPortArea * fraction;
+            }
+            return 0.0;
+        }
+
+        // ---- Cylinder volume vs crank angle (slider‑crank) ----
+        private double ComputeCylinderVolume(double thetaRad)
+        {
+            // thetaRad = crank angle from TDC (0 at TDC)
+            double r = CrankRadius;
+            double l = ConRodLength;
+            double cosTh = Math.Cos(thetaRad);
+            double sinTh = Math.Sin(thetaRad);
+            double term = Math.Sqrt(1.0 - Obliquity * Obliquity * sinTh * sinTh);
+            double x = r * (1.0 - cosTh) + l * (1.0 - term);
+            double area = Math.PI * 0.25 * Bore * Bore;
+            double deltaV = area * x;
+            return clearanceVolume + deltaV;
+        }
+
+        // ---- Combustion: set cylinder pressure AND temperature ----
+        private void Combustion()
+        {
+            double peakPressure = 20.0 * Units.atm;        // 30 bar
+            double peakTemperature = 2000.0;               // K
+            cylinder.SetPressure(peakPressure, peakTemperature);
         }
 
         public override float Process()
         {
+            // Previous crank angle for detecting TDC crossing
+            double prevAngle = crankshaft.CrankAngle;
+
+            // Advance crankshaft
+            crankshaft.Step(dt);
+            crankAngle = crankshaft.CrankAngle;
+            engineSpeed = crankshaft.AngularVelocity;
+
+            // Update cylinder volume to match current crank angle
+            double newVolume = ComputeCylinderVolume(crankAngle);
+            cylinder.Dvdt = (newVolume - cylinder.Volume) / dt;
+            cylinder.Volume = newVolume;
+
+            // ----- Ignition (once per revolution at TDC) -----
+            const double TwoPi = 2.0 * Math.PI;
+            double prevMod = prevAngle % TwoPi;
+            double currMod = crankAngle % TwoPi;
+
+            // Detect crossing of 0 mod 2π (TDC) – going from near 2π to near 0
+            if (prevMod > Math.PI * 1.8 && currMod < Math.PI * 0.2)
+            {
+                if (!combustionPending)
+                {
+                    Combustion();
+                    combustionPending = true;   // prevent multiple firings during the crossing
+                }
+            }
+            else if (currMod > Math.PI * 0.2 && currMod < Math.PI * 1.8)
+            {
+                combustionPending = false;      // reset flag once clear of TDC
+            }
+
+            // Run solver
             solver.Step();
             stepCount++;
-            simTime += dt;
-
-            // ---- Smooth pressure ramp ----
-            if (ramping)
-            {
-                double elapsed = simTime - rampStartTime;
-                if (elapsed >= rampDuration)
-                {
-                    // Ramp finished, set exactly to target
-                    volume.SetPressure(targetPressure);
-                    ramping = false;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    double frac = elapsed / rampDuration;
-                    double currentTarget = rampStartPressure + (targetPressure - rampStartPressure) * frac;
-                    volume.SetPressure(currentTarget);
-                }
-            }
-
-            // ---- Trigger a new reset ----
-            if (!ramping && simTime >= nextResetTime)
-            {
-                rampStartPressure = volume.Pressure;   // current pressure before reset
-                rampStartTime = simTime;
-                ramping = true;
-                nextResetTime += resetInterval;
-            }
 
             // Log every 500 steps
-            if (stepCount % 500 == 0)
+            if (stepCount % 50000 == 0)
             {
-                double volP = volume.Pressure;
+                int midCell = exhaustPipe.CellCount / 2;
-                double pipeL = pipe.GetCellPressure(0);
-                double pipeR = pipe.GetCellPressure(pipe.CellCount - 1);
-                double mdotOrif = orifice.LastMassFlowRate;
-                double mdotOpen = openEnd.LastMassFlowRate;
 
-                Console.WriteLine($"Step {stepCount}: " +
+                double cylP_bar = cylinder.Pressure / 1e5;
-                    $"VolP={volP:F1} Pa, PipeL={pipeL:F1}, PipeR={pipeR:F1}, " +
+                double cylT_K   = cylinder.Temperature;
-                    $"mdot_orif={mdotOrif:E4} kg/s, mdot_open={mdotOpen:E4} kg/s");
+                double cylVol_cc = cylinder.Volume * 1e6;
+
+                double pipeL_bar = exhaustPipe.GetCellPressure(0) / 1e5;
+                double pipeM_bar = exhaustPipe.GetCellPressure(midCell) / 1e5;
+                double pipeR_bar = exhaustPipe.GetCellPressure(exhaustPipe.CellCount - 1) / 1e5;
+
+                double mdotExh = exhaustPort.LastMassFlowRate;      // kg/s, positive into cylinder
+                double mdotOpen = pipeOpenEnd.LastMassFlowRate;     // kg/s, positive out
+
+                Console.WriteLine(
+                    $"Step {stepCount}: Angle={crankAngle*180.0/Math.PI % 360.0:F1}°, " +
+                    $"CylP={cylP_bar:F2} bar, CylT={cylT_K:F0} K, Vol={cylVol_cc:F1} cc, " +
+                    $"PipeL={pipeL_bar:F2} bar, PipeM={pipeM_bar:F2} bar, PipeR={pipeR_bar:F2} bar, " +
+                    $"mdot_exh={mdotExh:E4} kg/s, mdot_open={mdotOpen:E4} kg/s"
+                );
             }
 
-            if (double.IsNaN(pipe.GetCellPressure(0)))
+            if (double.IsNaN(exhaustPipe.GetCellPressure(0)))
             {
                 Console.WriteLine("NaN detected – stopping.");
                 return 0f;
             }
 
-            return soundProcessor.Process(openEnd);
+            // Audio from open end
+            return soundProcessor.Process(pipeOpenEnd);
         }
 
         public override void Draw(RenderWindow target)
@@ -137,7 +235,7 @@ namespace FluidSim.Tests
             float margin = 60f;
             float pipeStartX = margin;
             float pipeEndX = winWidth - margin;
-            DrawPipe(target, pipe, pipeCenterY, pipeStartX, pipeEndX);
+            DrawPipe(target, exhaustPipe, pipeCenterY, pipeStartX, pipeEndX);
         }
     }
 }