crank case based two stroke testing
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@@ -1,124 +1,111 @@
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// ============================================================
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// File: TwoStrokeCylinder.cs
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// ============================================================
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using System;
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using FluidSim.Interfaces;
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using FluidSim.Components; // for Crankcase (if in same namespace)
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namespace FluidSim.Components
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// Two-stroke cylinder with symmetrical port timings centred on BDC (180°).
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///
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/// Changes vs. original:
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/// • ValveLift ramp is now 15 % of duration (was 25 %) so the port reaches
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/// full area faster – critical at high RPM where dwell time is short.
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/// • Fuel injection is now triggered at IVC (transfer port closing) as before,
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/// but trappedAirMass is computed from actual cylinder state at that moment
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/// rather than the running _airMass accumulator, which was slightly stale.
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/// • SparkAdvance default raised to 22° BTDC – more appropriate for a
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/// high-compression two-stroke at peak RPM. The scenario can still override it.
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/// Two‑stroke cylinder with forced symmetrical port timings around BDC (180°).
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/// Uses crankcase back‑pressure for accurate pumping work.
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/// </summary>
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public class TwoStrokeCylinder : EngineCylinder
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{
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// ── Port timing read-outs (degrees, 0 = TDC) ───────────────────────────
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public float IVO => 180f - TransferDuration / 2f; // transfer opens
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public float IVC => 180f + TransferDuration / 2f; // transfer closes
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public float EVO => 180f - ExhaustDuration / 2f; // exhaust opens
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public float EVC => 180f + ExhaustDuration / 2f; // exhaust closes
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// --- Port timing (computed from durations) ---
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public float IVO => 180f - transferDuration / 2f;
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public float IVC => 180f + transferDuration / 2f;
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public float EVO => 180f - exhaustDuration / 2f;
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public float EVC => 180f + exhaustDuration / 2f;
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// ── Configurable durations ──────────────────────────────────────────────
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public float TransferDuration { get; } // default: 155°
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public float ExhaustDuration { get; } // default: 195°
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private readonly float transferDuration; // degrees
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private readonly float exhaustDuration; // degrees
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// Fraction of port-open duration used for ramp-up / ramp-down.
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// 0.15 → port at full area for the middle 70 % of open time.
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private const float RampFraction = 0.15f;
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// --- Crankcase reference ---
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private Crankcase? _crankcase;
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protected override float CycleLengthRad => 2f * MathF.PI;
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protected override float MaxCycleDeg => 360f;
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protected override float MaxCycleDeg => 360f;
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public override float IntakeValveArea =>
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MathF.PI * IntakeValveDiameter
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* ValveLift(CrankDeg, IVO, IVC, IntakeValveLift);
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MathF.PI * IntakeValveDiameter * ValveLift(CrankDeg, IVO, IVC, IntakeValveLift);
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public override float ExhaustValveArea =>
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MathF.PI * ExhaustValveDiameter
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* ValveLift(CrankDeg, EVO, EVC, ExhaustValveLift);
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MathF.PI * ExhaustValveDiameter * ValveLift(CrankDeg, EVO, EVC, ExhaustValveLift);
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// ── Constructor ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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public TwoStrokeCylinder(float bore, float stroke, float conRodLength,
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float compressionRatio,
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float transferDuration, float exhaustDuration,
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Crankshaft crankshaft)
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: base(bore, stroke, conRodLength, compressionRatio, crankshaft)
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{
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TransferDuration = transferDuration;
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ExhaustDuration = exhaustDuration;
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this.transferDuration = transferDuration;
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this.exhaustDuration = exhaustDuration;
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if (EVO >= IVO)
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throw new ArgumentException(
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$"Exhaust must open before transfer port. " +
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$"EVO={EVO:F1}° must be less than IVO={IVO:F1}°. " +
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$"Increase exhaustDuration or decrease transferDuration.");
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throw new ArgumentException("Exhaust must open before transfer port.");
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}
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// ── Valve lift profile ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
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/// <summary>
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/// Smooth trapezoidal lift: fast ramp (15 % of duration), flat top (70 %),
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/// fast ramp-down (15 %). Ramps use a smoothstep (3t²-2t³) curve so the
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/// area derivative is C1-continuous (no kink at ramp/plateau boundaries).
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/// </summary>
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private static float ValveLift(float thetaDeg, float opens, float closes, float peakLift)
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public void SetCrankcase(Crankcase crankcase)
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{
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_crankcase = crankcase;
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}
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// ----- Valve lift -----
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private float ValveLift(float thetaDeg, float opens, float closes, float peakLift)
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{
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// Normalise to [0, 360)
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float deg = thetaDeg % 360f;
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if (deg < 0f) deg += 360f;
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// Handle wrap-around (e.g. opens=170°, closes=190° is fine;
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// a port that crosses 360° would need closes+360).
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float effectiveClose = closes < opens ? closes + 360f : closes;
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float duration = effectiveClose - opens;
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float effectiveOpen = opens;
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float effectiveClose = closes;
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if (closes < opens) effectiveClose += 360f;
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float duration = effectiveClose - effectiveOpen;
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if (duration <= 0f) return 0f;
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// Map deg into the same number-line as opens/effectiveClose
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float mapped = deg < opens ? deg + 360f : deg;
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float mapped = deg;
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if (mapped < opens) mapped += 360f;
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if (mapped < opens || mapped > effectiveClose) return 0f;
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float rampDur = duration * RampFraction;
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float holdEnd = effectiveClose - rampDur;
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float rampDur = duration * 0.25f;
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float holdDur = duration - 2f * rampDur;
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if (mapped < opens + rampDur)
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if (mapped >= opens && mapped < opens + rampDur)
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{
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// Opening ramp: smoothstep
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float t = (mapped - opens) / rampDur;
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return peakLift * t * t * (3f - 2f * t);
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}
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else if (mapped <= holdEnd)
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else if (mapped >= opens + rampDur && mapped < opens + rampDur + holdDur)
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{
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// Flat top – full area
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return peakLift;
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}
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else
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else if (mapped >= opens + rampDur + holdDur && mapped <= effectiveClose)
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{
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// Closing ramp: smoothstep reversed
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float t = (mapped - holdEnd) / rampDur;
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float t = (mapped - (opens + rampDur + holdDur)) / rampDur;
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return peakLift * (1f - t) * (1f - t) * (1f + 2f * t);
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}
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return 0f;
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}
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// ── Cycle event handler ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
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protected override void HandleCycleEvents(float prevDeg, float currDeg, float dt)
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{
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// ── Fuel injection at transfer-port closing (IVC) ──────────────────
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// At IVC the cylinder is sealed; whatever air is trapped is what we burn.
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if (CrossedAngle(prevDeg, currDeg, IVC))
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// Transfer port closing → fuel injection
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if (prevDeg >= IVO && prevDeg < IVC && currDeg >= IVC)
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{
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trappedAirMass = _airMass;
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fuelMass = trappedAirMass / StoichiometricAFR;
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fuelInjected = true;
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fuelMass = trappedAirMass / StoichiometricAFR;
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fuelInjected = true;
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}
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// ── Ignition ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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// SparkAdvance default is ~22° BTDC on the base class; scenario can override.
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float sparkAngle = (360f - SparkAdvance) % 360f;
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// Spark every 360° at TDC (0°) minus advance
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float sparkAngle = (0f - SparkAdvance + 360f) % 360f;
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bool crossedSpark = false;
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if (prevDeg < sparkAngle && currDeg >= sparkAngle)
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crossedSpark = true;
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else if (prevDeg > sparkAngle && currDeg < sparkAngle)
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crossedSpark = true;
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if (CrossedAngle(prevDeg, currDeg, sparkAngle) && !combustionActive && fuelInjected)
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if (crossedSpark && !combustionActive && fuelInjected)
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{
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if (_random.NextDouble() < MisfireProbability)
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{
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@@ -126,58 +113,80 @@ namespace FluidSim.Components
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}
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else
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{
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combustionActive = true;
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burnFraction = 0f;
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combustionActive = true; burnFraction = 0f;
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float range = EnergyVariationFraction;
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_energyFactor = 1f + range * (2f * (float)_random.NextDouble() - 1f);
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}
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}
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// ── Combustion heat release (Wiebe) ────────────────────────────────
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if (combustionActive)
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{
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float angleSinceSpark = currDeg - sparkAngle;
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if (angleSinceSpark < 0f) angleSinceSpark += 360f;
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float newFraction = Wiebe(angleSinceSpark);
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bool burnComplete = newFraction >= 1f
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|| angleSinceSpark > WiebeDuration + WiebeStart + SparkAdvance;
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if (burnComplete)
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if (newFraction >= 1f || angleSinceSpark > (WiebeDuration + WiebeStart + SparkAdvance))
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{
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newFraction = 1f;
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combustionActive = false;
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fuelInjected = false;
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float totalMass = _airMass + _exhaustMass;
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_airMass = 0f;
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_exhaustMass = totalMass;
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newFraction = 1f; combustionActive = false;
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float totalMass = _airMass + _exhaustMass;
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_airMass = 0f; _exhaustMass = totalMass;
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}
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fuelInjected = false;
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float dFraction = newFraction - burnFraction;
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if (dFraction > 0f)
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{
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float dQ = fuelMass * FuelLowerHeatingValue * _energyFactor * dFraction;
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cylinderEnergy += dQ;
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_exhaustMass += fuelMass * dFraction;
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burnFraction = newFraction;
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_exhaustMass += fuelMass * dFraction;
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burnFraction = newFraction;
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}
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}
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}
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// ── Helper: did the crank cross a target angle this step? ───────────────
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/// <summary>
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/// Returns true if the crank swept through <paramref name="target"/> going
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/// from <paramref name="prev"/> to <paramref name="curr"/> in a single step.
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/// Handles wrap-around at 360°.
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/// </summary>
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private static bool CrossedAngle(float prev, float curr, float target)
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// ----- Override torque calculation to use crankcase back‑pressure -----
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public new void PreStep(float dt)
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{
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// Normal case (no wrap)
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if (curr >= prev)
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return prev < target && target <= curr;
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// Speed‑dependent spark advance
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float rpm = Crankshaft.AngularVelocity * 60f / (2f * MathF.PI);
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SparkAdvance = Math.Clamp(10f + rpm * 0.002f, 5f, 40f);
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// Wrapped past 360° → two intervals to check
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return prev < target || target <= curr;
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float prevVolume = cylinderVolume;
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float crankAngleRad = Crankshaft.CrankAngle + PhaseOffset;
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cylinderVolume = ComputeVolume(crankAngleRad);
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float dV = cylinderVolume - prevVolume;
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// Use crankcase pressure as back‑pressure, ambient if not set
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float backPressure = _crankcase?.Pressure ?? 101325f;
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float pRel = Pressure - backPressure;
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float sinTh = MathF.Sin(crankAngleRad), cosTh = MathF.Cos(crankAngleRad);
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float term = MathF.Sqrt(1f - Obliquity * Obliquity * sinTh * sinTh);
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float dxdtheta = CrankRadius * sinTh * (1f + Obliquity * cosTh / term);
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float pistonArea = MathF.PI * 0.25f * Bore * Bore;
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Crankshaft.AddTorque(pRel * pistonArea * dxdtheta);
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cylinderEnergy -= Pressure * dV;
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float cycleLenDeg = 360f;
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float prevDeg = (Crankshaft.PreviousAngle + PhaseOffset) * 180f / MathF.PI % cycleLenDeg;
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float currDeg = crankAngleRad * 180f / MathF.PI % cycleLenDeg;
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HandleCycleEvents(prevDeg, currDeg, dt);
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// Heat loss
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float dQ_loss = HeatTransferCoefficient * CylinderWallArea *
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(Temperature - AmbientTemperature) * dt;
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cylinderEnergy -= dQ_loss;
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// Update port states
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float p = Pressure, rho = Density, T = Temperature;
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float h = Gamma / (Gamma - 1f) * p / MathF.Max(rho, 1e-12f);
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float af = AirFraction;
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IntakePort.Pressure = p; IntakePort.Density = rho;
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IntakePort.Temperature = T; IntakePort.SpecificEnthalpy = h; IntakePort.AirFraction = af;
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ExhaustPort.Pressure = p; ExhaustPort.Density = rho;
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ExhaustPort.Temperature = T; ExhaustPort.SpecificEnthalpy = h; ExhaustPort.AirFraction = af;
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}
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}
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}
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